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        <span>Promise 异步优化</span>
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                <a href="/2018/06/26/jsPromise/">Promise 异步优化</a>
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    <ol class="post-toc"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#测试浏览器是否支持promise"><span class="post-toc-number">1.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">测试浏览器是否支持promise.</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#基本使用方法"><span class="post-toc-number">2.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">基本使用方法</span></a><ol class="post-toc-child"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-3"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#定义"><span class="post-toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">定义</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-3"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#调用"><span class="post-toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">调用</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#串行执行"><span class="post-toc-number">3.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">串行执行</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#并行执行"><span class="post-toc-number">4.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">并行执行</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#JQuery的用法"><span class="post-toc-number">5.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">JQuery的用法</span></a><ol class="post-toc-child"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-3"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#基本用法"><span class="post-toc-number">5.1.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">基本用法</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-3"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#链式写法"><span class="post-toc-number">5.2.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">链式写法</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-3"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#并行执行-1"><span class="post-toc-number">5.3.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">并行执行</span></a></li></ol></li></ol>
    <div class="content-article">
        <h2 id="测试浏览器是否支持promise"><a href="#测试浏览器是否支持promise" class="headerlink" title="测试浏览器是否支持promise."></a>测试浏览器是否支持<code>promise</code>.</h2><p>在浏览器控制台输入:</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"ok"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>输出<code>ok</code>则表示支持。</p>
<h2 id="基本使用方法"><a href="#基本使用方法" class="headerlink" title="基本使用方法"></a>基本使用方法</h2><p>示例如下：</p>
<h3 id="定义"><a href="#定义" class="headerlink" title="定义"></a>定义</h3><pre class="line-numbers language-javascript"><code class="language-javascript">
<span class="token keyword">let</span> fun<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token punctuation">,</span>type<span class="token punctuation">,</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>

    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//resolve 表示执行成功  reject表示失败</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> p <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>resolve<span class="token punctuation">,</span>reject<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">const</span> handler <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">if</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>readyState<span class="token operator">!==</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//XHR的状态，从0-4发生变化(0请求尚未初始化，1服务器链接已成功，2请求已接收，3请求处理中，4请求已完成，响应就绪)</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                <span class="token keyword">return</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
            <span class="token keyword">if</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>status<span class="token operator">===</span><span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
            <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                <span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>respose<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
            <span class="token keyword">else</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                <span class="token function">reject</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>statusText<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">const</span> client <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">XMLHttpRequest</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>type<span class="token punctuation">,</span>url<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>onreadystatechange<span class="token operator">=</span>handler<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//当readyState属性改变时，就会触发</span>
        client<span class="token punctuation">.</span>responseType<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"json"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>type<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toUpper</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token string">"GET"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token keyword">else</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setRequestHeader</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Accept"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>application<span class="token operator">/</span>json<span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            client<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token keyword">return</span> p<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="调用"><a href="#调用" class="headerlink" title="调用"></a>调用</h3><pre class="line-numbers language-javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token keyword">let</span> add <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>name<span class="token punctuation">,</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">p</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/map/add"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"post"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>name<span class="token punctuation">:</span>name<span class="token punctuation">,</span>message<span class="token punctuation">:</span>message<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
     <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>json<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
         <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//成功后逻辑</span>
     <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>error<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
         <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//失败后逻辑</span>
         console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'发生错误'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
     <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>另一种写法:</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token keyword">let</span> add <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>name<span class="token punctuation">,</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">p</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/map/add"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"post"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>name<span class="token punctuation">:</span>name<span class="token punctuation">,</span>message<span class="token punctuation">:</span>message<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
     <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>json<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
         <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//成功后逻辑</span>
     <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
     <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">catch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
         <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//失败后逻辑</span>
         console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'发生错误'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
     <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h2 id="串行执行"><a href="#串行执行" class="headerlink" title="串行执行"></a>串行执行</h2><p><code>then</code>关键字可以串行执行异步操作。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-javascript"><code class="language-javascript">
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 0.5秒后返回input*input的计算结果:</span>
<span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">multiply</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>resolve<span class="token punctuation">,</span> reject<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'calculating '</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> input <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">' x '</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> input <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'...'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token function">setTimeout</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>resolve<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">500</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> input <span class="token operator">*</span> input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 0.5秒后返回input+input的计算结果:</span>
<span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>resolve<span class="token punctuation">,</span> reject<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'calculating '</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> input <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">' + '</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> input <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'...'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token function">setTimeout</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>resolve<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">500</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> input <span class="token operator">+</span> input<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">var</span> p <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>resolve<span class="token punctuation">,</span> reject<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'start new Promise...'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">123</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

p<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>multiply<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>add<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>multiply<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>add<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
 <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Got value: '</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>执行结果:</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-c"><code class="language-c">start new Promise<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>

calculating <span class="token number">123</span> x <span class="token number">123</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>

calculating <span class="token number">15129</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">15129</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>

calculating <span class="token number">30258</span> x <span class="token number">30258</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>

calculating <span class="token number">915546564</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">915546564</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>

Got value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">1831093128</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h2 id="并行执行"><a href="#并行执行" class="headerlink" title="并行执行"></a>并行执行</h2><p>除了串行执行若干异步任务外，<code>Promise</code>还可以并行执行异步任务。</p>
<p>试想一个页面聊天系统，我们需要从两个不同的URL分别获得用户的个人信息和好友列表，这两个任务是可以并行执行的，用<code>Promise.all()</code>实现如下：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token keyword">var</span> p1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>resolve<span class="token punctuation">,</span> reject<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">setTimeout</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>resolve<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">500</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'P1'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">var</span> p2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>resolve<span class="token punctuation">,</span> reject<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">setTimeout</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>resolve<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">600</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'P2'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 同时执行p1和p2，并在它们都完成后执行then:</span>
Promise<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">all</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>p1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> p2<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>results<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>results<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 获得一个Array: ['P1', 'P2']</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>有些时候，多个异步任务是为了容错。比如，同时向两个URL读取用户的个人信息，只需要获得先返回的结果即可。这种情况下，用Promise.race()实现：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-javascript"><code class="language-javascript">
<span class="token keyword">var</span> p1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>resolve<span class="token punctuation">,</span> reject<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">setTimeout</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>resolve<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">500</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'P1'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">var</span> p2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>resolve<span class="token punctuation">,</span> reject<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">setTimeout</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>resolve<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">600</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'P2'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
Promise<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">race</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>p1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> p2<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 'P1'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>由于p1执行较快，<code>Promise</code>的<code>then()</code>将获得结果’P1’。p2仍在继续执行，但执行结果将被丢弃。</p>
<h2 id="JQuery的用法"><a href="#JQuery的用法" class="headerlink" title="JQuery的用法"></a>JQuery的用法</h2><h3 id="基本用法"><a href="#基本用法" class="headerlink" title="基本用法"></a>基本用法</h3><pre class="line-numbers language-javascript"><code class="language-javascript">
$<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ajax</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">"/rest/add"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>type<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">"POST"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>datatype<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">"json"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">done</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//执行成功的逻辑</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fail</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//发生错误</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>


<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="链式写法"><a href="#链式写法" class="headerlink" title="链式写法"></a>链式写法</h3><pre class="line-numbers language-javascript"><code class="language-javascript">
$<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ajax</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">"/rest/add"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>type<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">"POST"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>datatype<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">"json"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
   <span class="token keyword">return</span> $<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ajax</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">"/rest/add1"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>type<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">"POST"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>datatype<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">"json"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>data<span class="token punctuation">:</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
     <span class="token keyword">return</span> $<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ajax</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">"/rest/add2"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>type<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">"POST"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>datatype<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">"json"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>data<span class="token punctuation">:</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">alert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>


<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="并行执行-1"><a href="#并行执行-1" class="headerlink" title="并行执行"></a>并行执行</h3><pre class="line-numbers language-javascript"><code class="language-javascript">
$<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ajax</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">"/rest/add"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>type<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">"POST"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>datatype<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">"json"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">when</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>$<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ajax</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">"/rest/add1"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>type<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">"POST"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>datatype<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">"json"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      $<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ajax</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">"/rest/add2"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>type<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">"POST"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>datatype<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">"json"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data1<span class="token punctuation">,</span>data2<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//成功</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//失败</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>


<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p><a href="https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/001434446689867b27157e896e74d51a89c25cc8b43bdb3000/0014345008539155e93fc16046d4bb7854943814c4f9dc2000" target="_blank" rel="noopener">参考资料</a></p>

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